J Rawls Liquid Crystal Project 3' title='J Rawls Liquid Crystal Project 3' />Stephanie Kwolek Wikipedia. Stephanie Louise Kwolek July 3. J Rawls Liquid Crystal Project 3' title='J Rawls Liquid Crystal Project 3' />June 1. American chemist, whose career at the Du. Pont company spanned over forty years. She is best known for inventing the first of a family of synthetic fibers of exceptional strength and stiffness poly paraphenylene terephthalamidebetter known as Kevlar. For her discovery, Kwolek was awarded the Du. Pont companys Lavoisier Medal for outstanding technical achievement. As of February 2. In 1. 99. 5 she became the fourth woman to be added to the National Inventors Hall of Fame. Kwolek won numerous awards for her work in polymer chemistry, including the National Medal of Technology, the IRI Achievement Award and the Perkin Medal. Early life and educationeditKwolek was born to Polish immigrant parents in the Pittsburgh suburb of New Kensington, Pennsylvania, in 1. THE NEARLY COMPLETE LEIBER STOLLER DISCOGRAPHY While I have made every reasonable attemptand a few unreasonable onesto make this discography complete, it is. Her father, John Kwolek6 Polish Jan Chwaek, died when she was ten years old. He was a naturalist by avocation, and Kwolek spent hours with him, as a child, exploring the natural world. She attributed her interest in science to him and an interest in fashion to her mother, Nellie Zajdel Kwolek. In 1. Kwolek earned a Bachelor of Science degree with a major in chemistry from Margaret Morrison Carnegie College of Carnegie Mellon University. She had planned to become a doctor and hoped she could earn enough money from a temporary job in a chemistry related field to attend medical school. Du. Pont careereditIn 1. Hale Charch, a future mentor to Kwolek, offered her a position at Du. Rapidshare Misery Index there. Ponts Buffalo, New York, facility,8 an opportunity available to her because of the number of men that were overseas at the time for World War II. Helping advisors enable clients to achieve their financial goals. HP Rig DRAWWORKS Skytop Brewster NE12 2000HP2 GE 752 traction motors 1000HP each1 38 drill line, Dretech 8350 auxiliiary brake POWER. Tickets for Concerts, Sports, Theatre and More Online at TicketsInventory. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications IJERA is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research. Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Easily share your publications and get. Charch had initially told Kwolek that he would contact her within two weeks, but after Kwolek said she had to answer another job offer and insisted on a faster reply, Charch immediately offered her the position. While Kwolek initially only intended to work for Du. Pont temporarily, she found the work interesting and decided to stay rather than pursuing a medical career, moving to Wilmington, Delaware, in 1. Du. Pont. 8 She created Kevlar in about her tenth year with the company. In 1. 95. 9, she won a publication award from the American Chemical Society ACS, the first of many awards she was to receive. The paper, The Nylon Rope Trick, demonstrated a way of producing nylon in a beaker at room temperature. It is still the basis of a common classroom experiment. While working for Du. Pont, Kwolek invented Kevlar. In 1. The polymers she had been working with at the time, poly p phenylene terephthalate and polybenzamide,1. C 3. 92 F, which produced weaker and less stiff fibers. A unique technique in her new projects and the melt condensation polymerization process was to reduce those temperatures to between 04. C 3. 21. 04 F. 7As she later explained in a 1. The solution was unusually low viscosity, turbid, stir opalescent and buttermilk in appearance. Conventional polymer solutions are usually clear or translucent and have the viscosity of molasses, more or less. The solution that I prepared looked like a dispersion but was totally filterable through a fine pore filter. This was a liquid crystalline solution, but I did not know it at the time. This sort of cloudy solution usually was thrown away. However, Kwolek persuaded technician Charles Smullen, who ran the spinneret, to test her solution. She was amazed to find that the new fiber would not break when nylon typically would. Not only was it stronger than nylon, Kevlar was five times stronger than steel by weight. Both her supervisor and the laboratory director understood the significance of her discovery, and a new field of polymer chemistry quickly arose. By 1. 97. 1, modern Kevlar was introduced. Kwolek learned that the fibers could be made even stronger by heat treating them. The polymer molecules, shaped like rods or matchsticks, are highly oriented, which gives Kevlar its extraordinary strength. Applications of KevlareditKwolek was not very involved in developing practical applications of Kevlar. Once senior Du. Pont managers were informed of the discovery, they immediately assigned a whole group to work on different aspects, she said. She also did not profit from Du. Ponts products, as she signed over the Kevlar patent to the company. Kevlar is used as a material in more than 2. It has been used for car tires, fire fighter boots, hockey sticks, cut resistant gloves and armored cars. Visul Unei Nopti De Vara Pdf. It has also been used for protective building materials like bomb proof materials, hurricane safe rooms, and bridge reinforcements. During the week of Kwoleks death, the one millionth bullet resistant vest made with Kevlar was sold. Kevlar is also used to build cellular telephones Motorolas Droid RAZR has a Kevlar unibody. Awards and honorseditFor her discovery of Kevlar, Kwolek was awarded the Du. Pont companys Lavoisier Medal for outstanding technical achievement in 1. Persistent experimentalist and role model whose discovery of liquid crystalline polyamides led to Kevlar aramid fibers. At the time of her death in 2. Her discovery generated several billion dollars of revenue for Du. Pont, being her employer at the time, but she never benefited directly from it financially. In 1. 98. 0, Kwolek received the Chemical Pioneer Award from the American Institute of Chemists, and an Award for Creative Invention from the American Chemical Society. In 1. Kwolek was added to the National Inventors Hall of Fame. In 1. National Medal of Technology and the IRI Achievement Award. In 1. 99. 7, she received the Perkin Medal from the American Chemical Society. In 2. 00. 3, she was added to the National Womens Hall of Fame. She has been awarded honorary degrees by Carnegie Mellon University 2. Worcester Polytechnic Institute 1. Clarkson University 1. Royal Society of Chemistry Stephanie L Kwolek Award 2. The Royal Society of Chemistry grants a biennial Stephanie L Kwolek Award, to recognise exceptional contributions to the area of materials chemistry from a scientist working outside the UK. Kwolek is featured as one of the Royal Society of Chemistry. Faces of Chemistry. RetirementeditIn 1. Kwolek retired as a research associate for Du. Pont. Toward the end of her life, she consulted for Du. Pont, and served on both the National Research Council and the National Academy of Sciences. During her 4. After she retired she became heavily involved in trying to introduce young children, specifically girls, to scientific fields. She often tutored students in chemistry. She has also invented and wrote about numerous classroom demonstrations that are still used in schools today, such as the Nylon Rope Trick. Kwolek died at the age of 9. June 1. 8, 2. 01. Referencesedit abcdeWomen in Chemistry Stephanie Kwolek. Chemical Heritage Foundation. Retrieved June 1. Wholly Aromatic Carbocyclic Polycarbonamide Fiber Original Kevlar patent awarded in 1. Stephanie Kwolek abKevlar inventor Stephanie Kwolek dies. BBC News. Retrieved June 2. Citation conferring an Honorary Doctor of Science degree on Stephanie Louise Kwolek. University of Delaware. UDaily. May 3. 1, 2. Archived from the original on May 2. Retrieved May 2. 4, 2. Interview with Stephanie L Kwolek, March 2. Center for Oral History, Chemical Heritage Foundation. Retrieved 2. 2 June 2. Stephanie Kwolek. Soylent Communications. Archived from the original on May 2.